The science of Tajweed is one of the most important sciences of the Holy Quran. It aims to teach the correct recitation of the Quran, which enhances the correct understanding of its meanings and immersion in them. The science of Tajweed includes many basic rules that facilitate the correct and simplified pronunciation of letters. In this article, we will learn about the basic tajweed for non-Arabic speakers.
Why is it Important to Learn the Basics of Tajweed?
There are many reasons why we should learn the rules and basics of Tajweed, and the most prominent of these reasons are:
- Reading the Quran correctly and contemplating its meanings, this is based on the verse: ” (كِتابٌ أَنْزَلْناهُ إِلَيْكَ مُبارَكٌ لِيَدَّبَّرُوا آياتِهِ وَلِيَتَذَكَّرَ أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ).
- Correcting the distortion of the tongue and training it to pronounce the Arabic language correctly.
- Good performance in recitation to gain the pleasure of Allah and achieve happiness in this world and the hereafter.
- When reciting the Holy Quran with the rules of Tajweed, a Muslim obtains great reward and recompense, as the Prophet, PBUH, said:
(الْماهِرُ بالقُرْآنِ مع السَّفَرَةِ الكِرامِ البَرَرَةِ، والذي يَقْرَأُ القُرْآنَ ويَتَتَعْتَعُ فِيهِ، وهو عليه شاقٌّ، له أجْرانِ).
“The one who is proficient in the Quran is with the noble, righteous scribes, and the one who recites the Quran and stumbles over it, finding it difficult, will have a double reward.” (Bukhari and Muslim)
Rules of basic tajweed for non arabic speakers
There is a set of fundamental rules in the science of Tajweed we always recommend starting with them. They are as follows:
Qalqalah
Qalqalah means moving the tongue when pronouncing the Qalqalah letters, especially when they are silent, and this movement produces a strong vibration of the letter. The Qalqalah letters are five: (dal د), (qaaf ق), (jeem ج), (taa ط), and (baa ب). These letters are gathered in the phrase “قطب جد” (qutb jad). Some prominent examples are:
- (ط): “ٱلَّذِیۤ أَطۡعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعࣲ وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنۡ خَوۡفِۭ”.
- (ب): “وَٱلۡعَـٰدِیَـٰتِ ضَبۡحࣰا”.
- (ج): “إِنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ ٱلرُّجۡعَىٰۤ”.
- (د): “وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا هِيَهْ”.
- (ق): وَخَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا.
The scholars of Tajweed have divided Qalqalah into four levels:
- Major Qalqalah (Qalqalah Kubra): When the Qalqalah letter is at the end of the word and is intensified (shaddah), such as:
“وَخَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا”
- Medium Qalqalah (Qalqalah Wusta): When the Qalqalah letter is at the end of the word but not intensified (shaddah), such as:
“وَاللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ مُحِيطٌ”
- Minor Qalqalah (Qalqalah Sughra): When the Qalqalah letter is silent in the middle of the word, such as:
“وَخَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا”
Ghunnah
Ghunnah means producing the sound from the nasal passage. The letters of Ghunnah are the intensified (م) and (ن). Some examples include:
- (إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ).
- وَإِمّا يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ (الْعَلِيمُ).
Rules of the noon saakinah (ن) and Tanween
The rules of the noon saakinah and tanween are represented in four rules:
1- Ith-har (Clear Pronunciation)
It means pronouncing the letter clearly without Ghunnah. It has six letters, which are: (hamza ء), (haa ه), (ain ع), (haa ح), (ghain غ), and (khaa خ). Some examples are:
- (ء): “وَمَنْ أَحْسَن”
- (ه): “مِنْ هَادٍ”
- (ع): “أَنْعَمْتَ”
- (ح): “مِنْ حَكِيمٍ”
- (غ): “مِنْ غِلٍّ”
- (خ): “مَنْ خَشِيَ”
Idgham
It means merging a silent letter into a vocalized letter, so that they become one intensified letter. Its letters are six, collected in the word “يرملون” , which are: (yaa ي), (raa ر), (meem م), (laam ل), (waw و), and (noon ن). Some examples are:
- (ي): “مِنْ يَدٍ”
- (ر): “مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ”
- (م): “مَنْ مَعَكَ”
- (ل): “مِنْ لَّدُنْهُ”
- (و): “مِنْ وَاقِعٍ”
- (ن): “مِنْ نُّطْفَةٍ”
Types of Idgham:
- Idgham with Ghunnah
Includes the letters “ينمو”.
Example:
﴿مِنْ نُّطْفَةٍ﴾
- Idgham without Ghunnah
Includes the letters lam (ل) and raa (ر).
Examples:
- ﴿مِنْ لَّدُنْهُ﴾
- ﴿مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ﴾
Iqlab
It means converting the tanween and the Noon Saakinah into a concealed meem, if the letter “baa ب” follows it. The letter of Iqlab is one, which is the (baa ب). Some examples are:
- “ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَنبَاءِ الْغَيْبِ نُوحِيهِ إِلَيْكَ
- “وَاللّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ”
Ikhfa’
It means pronouncing the tanween and the silent nun in a way between Idgham and Ith-har, with Ghunnah being pronounced for the concealed letters. The letters of Ikhfa’ are fifteen: (ص، ذ، ث، ك، ج، ش، ق، س، د، ط، ز، ف، ت، ض، ظ). Some examples are:
- وَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَأُهْلِكُوا بِرِيحٍ صَرْصَرٍ عَاتِيَةٍ
- إِنَّ لَدَيْنَا أَنْكَالًا وَجَحِيمًا
- إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا
Rules of the Meem Saakinah (م)
The meem saakinah is devoid of any vowel markings. It is produced by closing the two lips together. It appears in verbs, nouns, and particles, and it has three rules:
Idgham Shafawe
It means assimilating the meem saakinah if it is followed by the letter (م) meem, so that they become one intensified meem. Example: الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ وَآمَنَهُم مِّنْ خَوْفٍ
Ikhfa’ Shafawe
It means concealing the meem saakinah if it is followed by the letter (ب) baa, such as:
نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ نَبَأَهُم بِالْحَقِّ
Ith-har Shafawe
It means pronouncing the meem saakinah clearly if it is followed by any letter of the alphabet, except for the letters (م) and (ب). Example:
أَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ كَيْدَهُمْ فِـي تَضْلِيلٍ
Rules of Madd (Prolongation) in the Holy Quran
Madd in the Holy Quran means prolonging the sound of a Madd letter for more than two counts when it meets with a Sukoon or Hamza. The letters of Madd are (ا), (و), and (ي). Madd is divided into two types:
Original Madd (Madd Asli)
Also called the Natural Madd. It is the Madd that is indispensable to the word, and its length is two counts. Examples are:
- وَضُحَاهَا
- وَأُمْلِي
- يُوصِيكُم
Subordinate Madd (Madd Far’i)
It is the Madd that exceeds the natural Madd, and its reasons are Sukoon or Hamza. Examples are:
“لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ”
Why Shaikh Saleh Academy Are Your Best Choice for Learning Tajweed?
Shaikh Saleh academy is the best choice for you because we are keen to teach the rules of Tajweed correctly. We provide you with flexible educational sessions suitable for adults and children by teachers specialized in teaching Tajweed with high efficiency. We also use the latest technologies to facilitate the learning process effectively and simply. You can attend lessons online, choose the time that suits you, communicate directly with teachers, and ask all your questions and inquiries to be answered as soon as possible.
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